Iconic Research and Engineering Journals (IRE Journals)
Abstract: This study examines Kakamega Forest conservation via the Nyayo Tea Zone buffer model. Field sampling reveals degraded biodiversity near buffer edges due to logging, grazing, and charcoal extraction. Community surveys show weak awareness of NTZ?s conservation role. Most cleared land isn?t planted with tea but exotic species or left bare. NTZ failed to prevent forest loss. Comparison with KWS-protected areas shows superior ecological integrity. Recommendations include stricter enforcement, livelihood alternatives, and climate-informed reforestation. The study informs buffer zone effectiveness, participatory conservation limits, and landscape planning strategies in ASAL regions.