Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Abstract: This study evaluates large-scale bioethanol utilities like KOKO Networks in Kenya, which reached 950,000+ households in 2.5 years. Using MECS Transition Theory of Change, it details supply chain resilience, tax incentives, digital platforms, and clean cooking outcomes. Bioethanol is shown to deliver Tier 5 performance under the WB Multi-Tier Framework. Benefits include reduced indoor air pollution, deforestation, and improved gender equity. The paper maps SDG contributions and discusses policy enablers, investment structures, and health metrics.