Elsevier
Abstract: This peer-reviewed study analyzes Kenya?s 2018 charcoal ban and its ripple effects on market behavior and coastal community livelihoods. It found 30?50% decline in traded volume and >60% price increase. Informal transport, cross-border smuggling, and private land harvesting persisted post-ban. Consumer costs rose, undermining nutrition and small business viability. The study maps adaptation patterns, enforcement weaknesses, and unintended consequences such as fuelwood dependence. Recommendations include charcoal producer associations, alternative fuel promotion, and policy harmonization.