Circular Economy In Municipal Solid Waste Management: Innovations And Challenges For Urban Sustainability
Journal of Environmental Protection
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Abstract: This scholarly review dissects the integration of circular economy principles into municipal waste management systems worldwide. It analyzes case studies from high-income and low-income countries, showcasing emerging technologies?AI-sorting, blockchain-enabled traceability, IoT sensors, and decentralized biogas digesters?and their roles in streamlining urban waste handling. It highlights infrastructure, behavioral, and financial barriers, especially within the informal sector. The paper examines policy alignment with climate objectives and presents frameworks for transitioning cities into circular hubs using waste segregation, data-driven planning, and incentive-backed recovery programs. A special focus is placed on African urban systems and their potential for localized circular economy innovation.