Sustainable Mountain Development In East Africa In A Changing Climate
East African Community (EAC), UNEP, GRID-Arendal
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Abstract: This report synthesizes regional environmental challenges and policy options for East Africa?s mountain ecosystems under changing climatic conditions. Drawing on literature reviews, regional data, and stakeholder consultations, it explores pressures facing key massifs including Mt. Elgon, Rwenzori, Kilimanjaro, and the Mau Forest Complex. These ecosystems are vital water towers but face deforestation, unsustainable agriculture, landslides, and biodiversity loss exacerbated by warming trends. The report advocates for a shared East Africa Mountain Agenda that integrates transboundary cooperation, reforestation programs, inclusive natural resource governance, and climate-smart land use. It outlines institutional gaps, including fragmented mandates and weak cross-sectoral coordination, and presents policy actions aligned with global frameworks like the SDGs, Rio+20, and AMCEN. Emphasis is placed on elevating mountain development within national strategies and improving stakeholder involvement at community and national levels. The document serves as a foundation for regional dialogue, programmatic alignment, and research collaboration on mountain-based climate adaptation.