Resource Guide To Target 2 Of The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Abstract: This resource guide supports Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in implementing Target 2 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: restoring 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030. It offers practical tools for integrating restoration into National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), establishing baselines, setting national targets, and applying principles of effective restoration across terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems. The guide defines restoration modalities across a restorative continuum?from rehabilitation to full ecological restoration?and emphasizes synergies with other multilateral agreements and national policies. Case studies from around the world, including Kenya?s ecosystem monitoring working group, illustrate cross-sectoral approaches, indicator development, and participatory implementation. Special attention is given to Indigenous knowledge, governance, and integration of social well-being and biodiversity goals. It also includes guidance on ecosystem classification, monitoring protocols, and interoperability frameworks like FERM.