Mangrove Deaths In Kenya: Causes And Recommended Management Interventions
Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI)
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Abstract: This technical paper by the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) examines the alarming mortality of mangrove ecosystems along Kenya's coastline. Focusing on Lamu, Kilifi, Mombasa, and Tana River counties, the study identifies primary drivers of mangrove deaths: sewage pollution, agricultural runoff, oil spills, increased salinity, pest infestations, senescence, and climate-induced sea-level changes. The research highlights species- and site-specific vulnerabilities, particularly among Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina. Drawing from stakeholder consultations and field assessments, the paper recommends actionable management strategies including biological pest control, improved waste treatment, agroforestry promotion, woodlot establishment, and targeted restoration in degraded areas. Emphasis is placed on participatory engagement, awareness campaigns, and integrated governance to halt ongoing degradation. The findings underscore the ecological, economic, and coastal protection roles of mangroves and call for urgent multi-level intervention.