Influence Of Aquaculture Management Practices And Water Quality On Bacterial Occurrence In Fish Culture Units In Kenya
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies
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Abstract: This study assesses the relationship between aquaculture management practices and water quality on bacterial contamination in fish farms located in Nyandarua and Machakos counties. Using water sampling, field observations, and laboratory analysis, the researchers identified high concentrations of heavy metals (including iron, manganese, and calcium), increased nitrite levels, elevated turbidity, and the presence of zoonotic bacterial species such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia. The farms often used untreated water sources and fertilized ponds with livestock manure, which contributed to bacterial proliferation. Poor biosecurity measures were widespread, including inadequate pond disinfection and unsanitary handling of fish stock. The paper recommends practical interventions such as targeted policy reforms, consistent water quality monitoring, and farmer training in fish health management. Emphasis is placed on mitigating bacterial risks to protect consumer safety, enhance farm productivity, and promote sustainable aquaculture practices that are aligned with Kenya?s climate-resilient food systems.