Effects Of Rainfall Variability On Maize Production Among The Small-Scale Farmers In Endebess Sub County Between 2008?2018
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Abstract: The paper assesses how rainfall variability impacts maize production for smallholder farmers in Endebess Sub County, Trans-Nzoia County. Based on meteorological data and farmer surveys spanning 2008 to 2018, the study reveals a strong correlation between rainfall patterns and yield outcomes. Both excess and inadequate rainfall lead to crop loss through moisture stress and waterlogging, disrupting growth stages. Farmers reported delays in planting, increased pest and disease exposure, poor germination, and reduced water retention capacity. The paper notes limited use of rainwater harvesting technologies and poor investment in irrigation infrastructure. The authors recommend promoting sustainable agricultural practices, forest cover protection, weather-based insurance products, and localized climate planning. Findings support the need for policy-driven adaptation frameworks, improved extension services, and resilience-focused farming models. The study contributes crucial data for climate-sensitive agricultural planning at county and sub-county levels.