Input: Fossil Fuel-based Economy and Human Rights
The United Nations (UN)
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Abstract: This submission examines the human rights impacts of the fossil fuel-based economy and the associated challenges of transitioning to low-carbon energy systems. Fossil fuel development contributes significantly to climate change, undermining rights such as health, food, water, housing, and cultural identity—especially among Indigenous peoples and vulnerable communities. However, poorly managed transitions also carry risks, including displacements, lack of consultation, and deepened inequalities. The report stresses the importance of embedding fairness, equity, and participation in climate action and energy reform. It highlights legal frameworks like the Paris Agreement and global initiatives such as Just Energy Transition Partnerships and the proposed Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty. While various countries and regions—like South Africa, the EU, and Denmark—are adopting just transition strategies, the authors emphasize the need for global solidarity, financial support, and adherence to the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities principle to ensure equity and protect human rights during the fossil fuel phaseout.