Renewable Energy In The Water, Energy & Food Nexus

IRENA

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Abstract: The interlinkage between the water, energy and food supply systems - the nexus - is a major consideration in countries? sustainable development strategies. Rapid economic growth, expanding populations and increasing prosperity are driving up demand for energy, water and food, especially in developing countries. By 2050, the demand for energy will nearly double globally, with water and food demand estimated to increase by over 50%. The ability of existing water, energy and food systems to meet this growing demand, meanwhile, is constrained given the competing needs for limited resources. The challenge of meeting growing demand is further compounded by climate change impacts. From the rice fields in India to desalination plants in the Middle East, and nuclear power plants in France, the nexus is already posing a significant challenge for improving water, energy and food security, a concern for policymakers today. The nexus affects the extent to which water, energy and food security objectives can be simultaneously achieved. Water is required for extracting and processing fossil fuels as well as for generating electricity from various sources. Energy supply presently accounts for nearly 15% of global freshwater withdrawals annually. As a consequence, the availability and accessibility of water resources for fuel extraction, processing and power generation represent a key determinant for energy security. Conversely, disruptions in the provision of energy services, which are essential for water treatment, production and distribution, also have direct implications for water security. Vulnerabilities in water and energy supply also pose critical risks for food security, as severe droughts and fluctuations in energy prices can affect the availability, affordability, accessibility and utilisation of food over time. The agri-food supply chain accounts for 30% of the world?s energy consumption and is the largest consumer of water resources, accounting for approximately 70% of all freshwater use. Such interlinkages are compelling governments, the private sector, communities, academia and other stakeholders to explore integrated solutions to ease the pressures and formulate development pathways based on sustainable and efficient use of limited resources.