Sustainable livelihood strategies and outcomes of ageing farmers in Kenya?s Central Highlands

University of Nairobi

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Abstract: The global population is rapidly ageing. By 2050, old people will outnumber the young for the first time in history with 80% of the ageing population located in developing countries. SubSaharan Africa is experiencing rapid growth in its ageing populations. The main causes are due to decreasing fertility and mortality rates resulting in increased life expectancy and urban youth migration. Age is one of multiple driving factors that influence livelihood strategies, yet there is a knowledge gap on the connection between ageing rural populations and the sustainability of their livelihood strategies and outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess how ageing farmers? livelihood capitals, mediated by the influence of institutions and organisations, affect adoption of livelihood strategies and the achievement of sustainable livelihood outcomes in the Central Highlands of Kenya. Data was obtained while conducting questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The results were categorised in the context of the sustainable livelihoods framework and compared with literature for analysis and validity. Old farmers were found to have reduced physical capabilities and labour access due to limited financial resources and youth migration resulting in decreasing levels of productivity and financial stability. Old farmers? capabilities to overcome the obstacles posed by age are limited by institutional and organisational mismanagement. The issues of adequate capital access faced by ageing farmers increases their vulnerability to various economic and natural shocks. It is concluded that age poses a significant barrier to the realisation of sustainable livelihood outcomes.